Volume 19, Number 32Monday, August 12, 2019AUGUST IS CHILDREN’S EYE HEALTH/SAFETY MONTH In this issue: (click heading to view article)Changes in the Choroid After Water Drinking TestInvestigators determined whether the water drinking test altered the choroidal structure using binarization of enhanced-depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomographic images.They performed a prospective study of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects. They recorded the intraocular pressure, EDI-OCT images and laser speckle flowgraphic images at baseline, and at 15, 30, 45 and 120 min after the WDT. Investigators converted the EDI-OCT images to binary images using ImageJ software. They examined the luminal interstitial area and whole choroidal areas, in addition to the ratio of luminal area to whole choroidal area (L/W ratio), subfoveal choroidal thickness and central retinal thickness. Here were some of the findings: • The luminal area, L/W ratio, whole choroidal area and IOP were significantly increased 30 minutes after water drinking; levels returned to baseline at 120 minutes. • No significant changes were found in the CRT and interstitial area. • Fluctuations in the SCT after water intake were significantly correlated with those in the L/W ratio and luminal area, but not with those of the interstitial area. • The choroidal blood flow velocity was significantly decreased at 30 minutes. • Fluctuations in the luminal area, L/W ratio and whole choroidal area were significantly correlated with IOP fluctuations. Investigators determined that the changes in the SCT after water drinking were mainly due to the changes in the choroidal vascular space. They added that dilations of the choroidal vessels after water drinking might lead to choroidal thickening and subsequent IOP elevation. Investigators concluded that these findings should be considered in the evaluation of choroidal structure in individuals with retinal disease. SOURCE: Nagasato D, Mitamura Y, Egawa M, et al. Changes of choroidal structure and circulation after water drinking test in normal eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print].
DALK: The Risk for Descemet's Membrane Folds and Their Clinical PropertiesScientists reported the clinical properties of and risk factors for corneal Descemet’s membrane folds after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in individuals with keratoconus, as part of a retrospective, case-control study. Study participants included 44 eyes with DM folds after DALK, and 135 eyes without DM folds after DALK (controls). Here were some of the findings:
Factors Associated with Two-year Outcomes in BRVO vs. CRVO Treated with RanibizumabResearchers assessed characteristics associated with visual and anatomic outcomes in individuals with branch and central retinal vein occlusion treated with ranibizumab (Lucentis, Genentech). The post-hoc analysis included 205 BRVO and 181 CRVO patients from two multicenter clinical trials who completed month 12 of an extension of the Genentech-sponsored HORIZON trial.Using logistic regression, covariates with p-value <0.20 from univariable analysis were included in multivariable models to identify independent factors associated with a given outcome (at p-value <0.05). Preset variables included disease duration and original treatment assignment. Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity ≥20/40 (≥70 letters), gain ≥15 letters and central subfield thickness ≤250 μm at HORIZON month 12. Here were some of the findings:
Researchers found substantial differences in good outcome factors in CRVO vs. BRVO, suggesting differences in pathophysiology. They added that young age, never smoking, hemodilution, hypertension/high systolic perfusion pressure were more beneficial in CRVO, suggesting that avoidance of sluggish blood flow and maintenance of perfusion might be particularly important in CRVO. Source: Sophie R, Wang P-W, Channa R, et al. Different factors associated with two-year outcomes in patients with branch versus central retinal vein occlusion treated with ranibizumab. Ophthalmology 2019; July 23. [Epub ahead of print]. Glaucoma Drainage Devices and Reasons for KeratoplastyResearchers aimed to determine whether the reason for an increase in the number of keratoplasty procedures had changed over the last 10 years in a tertiary care setting was associated with the increase of glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs).They studied patients ages ≥18 who underwent keratoplasty at the Mayo Clinic from 2005 to 2006 and 2015 to 2016. They analyzed all possible reasons for keratoplasty performed in the study time period, including previously implanted GDDs in the same eye. Here were some of the findings: • The number of keratoplasty procedures performed in the two time periods increased by 62 percent—from 163 (2005 to 2006) to 264 (2015 to 2016); GDD placements increased by 164 percent—from 80 GDDs (2005 to 2006) to 211 GDDs (2015 to 2016). • While the performance of keratoplasty procedures increased between the two points in time, the frequency of each cause for keratoplasty didn’t change significantly. • The majority of keratoplasties were performed due to corneal disease; GDDs made up a small portion of the reasons for keratoplasty (2005 to 2006, 4.29 percent; 2015 to 2016, 5.68 percent). Researchers found that the frequency of GDDs as a reason for keratoplasty hadn’t changed significantly between 10 years in the tertiary care setting. They wrote further that individuals with glaucoma drainage devices who later required keratoplasties had related features including multiple surgical procedures and co-morbid infections, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, Fuchs’ dystrophy, PXE, uveitis and congenital glaucoma. SOURCE: Knier CG, Wang F, Baratz K, et al. Glaucoma drainage devices and reasons for keratoplasty. J Glaucoma 2019; Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]. BRIEFLY Stowe Subsidiary to Develop Broad-spectrum Antimicrobial Ophthalmic Therapeutics System to Image the Human Eye Corrects for Chromatic Aberrations Kodiak Announces Positive Data from Phase Ib Clinical Study of KSI-301 Sight Sciences Hires Industry Executives Bionic Vision Technologies Hires New CEO
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